Dietary Quality and Circulating Lipidomic Profiles in 2 Cohorts of Middle-Aged and Older Male Finnish Smokers and American Populations.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Higher dietary quality is associated with lower disease risks and has not been examined extensively with lipidomic profiles.

OBJECTIVES

Our goal was to examine associations of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternate HEI-2010 (AHEI-2010), and alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED) diet quality indices with serum lipidomic profiles.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and aMED with lipidomic profiles from 2 nested case-control studies within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (n = 627) and the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (n = 711). We used multivariable linear regression to determine associations of the indices, derived from baseline food-frequency questionnaires (Prostate, Lung,

Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

1993-2001, Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-

Carotene Cancer Prevention Study

1985-1988) with serum concentrations of 904 lipid species and 252 fatty acids (FAs) across 15 lipid classes and 28 total FAs, within each cohort and meta-analyzed results using fixed-effect models for lipids significant at Bonferroni-corrected threshold in common in both cohorts.

RESULTS

Adherence to HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, or aMED was associated positively with 31, 41, and 54 lipid species and 8, 6, and 10 class-specific FAs and inversely with 2, 8, and 34 lipid species and 1, 3, and 5 class-specific FAs, respectively. Twenty-five lipid species and 5 class-specific FAs were common to all indices, predominantly triacylglycerols, FA22:6 [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]-containing species, and DHA. All indices were positively associated with total FA22:6. AHEI-2010 and aMED were inversely associated with total FA18:1 (oleic acid) and total FA17:0 (margaric acid), respectively.

The identified lipids were most associated with components of seafood and plant proteins and unsaturated

saturated fat ratio in HEI-2015; eicosapentaenoic acid plus DHA in AHEI-2010; and fish and monounsaturated:saturated fat ratio in aMED.

CONCLUSIONS

Adherence to HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and aMED is associated with serum lipidomic profiles, mostly triacylglycerols or FA22:6-containing species, which are related to seafood and plant proteins, eicosapentaenoic acid-DHA, fish, or fat ratio index components.