Investigating the Role of EPA and DHA on Cellular Oxidative Stress; Profiling Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Potential.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) remain part of the diet and are essential for growth and development. Furthermore, omega - 3 fatty acids boost various cardiovascular disease risk factors as well as lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The effects of PUFAs on glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients are unclear. In the present study, the anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive potential of eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-two polyunsaturated fatty acids-were examined.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells fed with PUFAs, the antioxidant capacity of epa and DHA was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay/test. The DPPH activity of epa and DHA was 49.72 and 50.51%, respectively, indicating a reduction in oxidative stress. The number, size, and total lipid content of adipocytes in adipose tissue were used to study the anti-diabetic effect of epa and DHA. Both PUFAs were revealed to have a much lower capacity for cell lysis of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes when compared to propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PMA). In 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells that had been treated with epa and DHA, the gene expression profiles for ATP synthase 6 were examined.
RESULTS
The results demonstrated a similar trend of reducing total lipid content in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells treated with epa and DHA. The amount of cell lysis was then examined for 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells exposed to DHA and EPA, and the results showed 38.45% and 41.26%, respectively. In the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells, treatment with PUFAs, EPA, and DHA dramatically lowered total lipid content after 48 hours. The study also revealed that exposing 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells to epa at 90 g/ml for 48 hours reduced the total lipid content by a significant amount.
CONCLUSION
According to the findings, epa and DHA therapy reversed oxidative stress in mitochondria and upregulated the ATP synthase 6 gene. This discovery shows how epa and DHA have anti-diabetic and hypertension properties.